This means that more can be done in every clock cycle, reducing overall execution time. AVX-512 instructions are SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) instructions, and along with additional and wider registers enable packing of 64 single-precision (or 32 double-precision) floating point operations into one instruction. Second generation Xeon processors support Intel Advanced Vector Extension 512 (Intel AVX-512) for data parallelism. C2s provide explicit visibility and control of NUMA domains to the guest operating system (OS), enabling maximum performance. In many cases, tightly-coupled HPC applications require careful mapping of processes or threads to physical cores, along with care to ensure processes access memory that is closest to their physical cores. In addition to hardware improvements, Google Cloud has enabled a number of HPC-specific optimizations on C2 instances. C2 also exposes and enables explicit user control of CPU power states (“C-States”) on larger VM sizes, enabling higher effective frequencies and performance. The result is reduced variability and more consistent performance. C2 is built for isolation and consistent mapping of shared physical resources (e.g., CPU caches, and memory bandwidth). Tightly-coupled HPC workloads rely on resource isolation for predictable performance. 1 Here we take a deeper look at using C2 VMs for your HPC workloads on Google Cloud. Compared to previous generation VMs, total memory bandwidth improves by 1.21X and memory bandwidth/vCPU improves by 1.94X. C2s can run at a sustained frequency of 3.8GHz and offer more than 40% improvement compared to previous generation VMs for general applications. The C2 is based on the second generation Intel® Xeon® Scalable Processor and provides up to 60 virtual cores (vCPUs) and 240GB of system memory. Google Cloud’s Compute-optimized (C2) machines are specifically designed to meet the needs of the most compute-intensive workloads, such as HPC applications in fields like scientific computing, Computer-aided Engineering (CAE), biosciences, and Electronic Design Automation (EDA), among many others. But while the cloud offers the latest technologies and a wide variety of machine types (VMs), not every VM is suited to the demands of HPC workloads. Cloud opens many new possibilities for High Performance Computing (HPC).
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